磨床的種類多、應用廣、對于加工人員也有一定的要求。很多時候我們需要加工高精度的工件，那磨床的哪些因素會影響工件加工的精度呢?今天磨床生(sheng)產廠家 勤龍磨床(chuang)的(de)小編(bian)來(lai)帶(dai)大家(jia)看(kan)一(yi)下(xia)，讓大家(jia)對于磨床(chuang)有更(geng)深的(de)了解。

1. 磨床的幾何精度

機床制造或多或少(shao)有誤(wu)(wu)差(cha)存在。這種誤(wu)(wu)差(cha)將在工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)時不同(tong)程度反映(ying)到(dao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)上(shang)來，而影響其工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)的加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)精度。一般有主軸的徑向跳動和軸向竄動，工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)臺等(deng)運動部(bu)件(jian)(jian)移動的直線(xian)度，工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)部(bu)件(jian)(jian)的相互位置誤(wu)(wu)差(cha)和傳動誤(wu)(wu)差(cha)等(deng)。

砂(sha)(sha)輪主軸(zhou)的(de)徑向跳(tiao)動(dong)和(he)軸(zhou)向竄動(dong)及磨(mo)(mo)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)頭(tou)架運動(dong)誤(wu)(wu)差(cha)大(da)，不(bu)僅(jin)影(ying)響磨(mo)(mo)削(xue)后(hou)的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)表(biao)面(mian)粗(cu)糙(cao)度(du)(du)，還會(hui)使工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)產(chan)生圓(yuan)度(du)(du)和(he)端面(mian)跳(tiao)動(dong)，造成磨(mo)(mo)削(xue)過程中(zhong)(zhong)火(huo)花(hua)不(bu)均勻(yun)。工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作臺(tai)移(yi)動(dong)在(zai)(zai)(zai)垂直面(mian)不(bu)垂直時，在(zai)(zai)(zai)內(nei)(nei)、外(wai)圓(yuan)磨(mo)(mo)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)上，影(ying)響工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)母線的(de)直線性，在(zai)(zai)(zai)平(ping)面(mian)磨(mo)(mo)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)磨(mo)(mo)削(xue)平(ping)面(mian)，造成工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)平(ping)面(mian)度(du)(du)誤(wu)(wu)差(cha)大(da)。外(wai)圓(yuan)磨(mo)(mo)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)的(de)砂(sha)(sha)輪主軸(zhou)軸(zhou)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)(xin)線和(he)內(nei)(nei)圓(yuan)磨(mo)(mo)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)砂(sha)(sha)輪軸(zhou)軸(zhou)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)(xin)線與(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)頭(tou)架軸(zhou)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)(xin)線不(bu)等高，在(zai)(zai)(zai)磨(mo)(mo)削(xue)內(nei)(nei)、外(wai)錐(zhui)體時，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)母線是雙曲線。砂(sha)(sha)輪主軸(zhou)軸(zhou)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)(xin)線對(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作臺(tai)移(yi)動(dong)方向不(bu)平(ping)行，影(ying)響磨(mo)(mo)削(xue)后(hou)的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)端面(mian)平(ping)直度(du)(du)。磨(mo)(mo)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)的(de)傳(chuan)動(dong)誤(wu)(wu)差(cha)，對(dui)螺紋磨(mo)(mo)削(xue)和(he)齒輪磨(mo)(mo)削(xue)的(de)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)精度(du)(du)影(ying)響很大(da)。

2. 磨床的剛度

它(ta)是(shi)指(zhi)磨(mo)(mo)床承受外力(磨(mo)(mo)削(xue)力)時，其(qi)部件(jian)(jian)(jian)抵抗變形(xing)(xing)的能力。也即是(shi)在同樣的磨(mo)(mo)削(xue)力的情況(kuang)下(xia)，部件(jian)(jian)(jian)變形(xing)(xing)越小(xiao)，表示(shi)剛度越大(da)(da)。反之，部件(jian)(jian)(jian)變形(xing)(xing)大(da)(da)，表示(shi)此部件(jian)(jian)(jian)剛度就小(xiao)。這(zhe)些變形(xing)(xing)的大(da)(da)小(xiao)，破壞了(le)磨(mo)(mo)床靜態的原始幾何精度，將引起工件(jian)(jian)(jian)的加(jia)工誤差的大(da)(da)小(xiao)。所以剛度好的機床，工件(jian)(jian)(jian)的加(jia)工精度高。

3. 熱變形

磨(mo)床(chuang)內部的熱(re)源(yuan)分布不(bu)均勻，各個部位(wei)在運(yun)動中產(chan)生的熱(re)量(liang)多少也(ye)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)，外界熱(re)源(yuan)對(dui)機(ji)床(chuang)各部位(wei)的影(ying)響也(ye)不(bu)一樣，零(ling)部件因(yin)材料(liao)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)的熱(re)膨脹系(xi)數(shu)也(ye)不(bu)相同(tong)(tong)，造成機(ji)床(chuang)各部分不(bu)同(tong)(tong)的微量(liang)變(bian)形，使機(ji)床(chuang)原始(shi)幾(ji)何精(jing)度下降，而影(ying)響工(gong)件的加(jia)工(gong)精(jing)度。所(suo)以(yi)精(jing)密磨(mo)床(chuang)最好安裝在恒溫(wen)室使用，以(yi)防止溫(wen)度的變(bian)化對(dui)機(ji)床(chuang)和工(gong)件的精(jing)度產(chan)生影(ying)響。

4. 磨床運動部件爬行

磨床工作臺砂輪架等運動部件在(zai)作微量周期進(jin)給或(huo)低速連(lian)續移(yi)動時，出現運動不均勻的現象(xiang)，通稱為(wei)爬行。當磨床有這(zhe)種現象(xiang)發生時，使磨削過程中的進(jin)給不均勻，而(er)影響工件磨削表面粗糙度。

5. 磨床的振動

磨床在磨削過程中產生(sheng)振動，使砂(sha)輪和(he)工(gong)件問相對位置發生(sheng)周期性的變動，使工(gong)件表面產生(sheng)振紋，嚴(yan)重影響加(jia)工(gong)質量和(he)精(jing)度。

以上就是(shi)磨(mo)(mo)床生(sheng)產(chan)廠家(jia)勤龍磨(mo)(mo)床小編整理(li)的(de)關于磨(mo)(mo)床加工精度的(de)相關內容(rong)，除了(le)我們(men)(men)上述提到(dao)的(de)幾(ji)個影響(xiang)因素之外，還有使用(yong)的(de)工藝(yi)方法(fa)等(deng)，這些都是(shi)我們(men)(men)需要注(zhu)意的(de)內容(rong)。